Iron oxide nanoparticles: cutting-edge strategies for high-efficiency heavy metal removal in water systems

Abstract

Rapid industrialization increased the discharge of heavy metals into the environment, especially water. Heavy metals are threatening the human and environmental health. Though numerous remediation technologies have been employed to eliminate heavy metals from water, nanotechnology is getting attention due to its high removal efficiency. Among several nanomaterials developed to eliminate heavy metals from aqueous environments, iron oxide nanoparticle-based nanomaterials are effective adsorbents due to their novel physicochemical properties, magnetic nature, and ease of use. Their heavy metals removal efficiency can be improved through surface modification techniques. This review presents a systematic overview of the importance of iron oxide nanoparticles and their application for eliminating heavy metals from water. In addition, possible future prospects are also discussed.