Application of Bioremediation as sustainable approach to remediate heavy metal and pesticide polluted environments

Abstract

Bioremediation is a technique, which involves different organisms and different substances to treat or detoxify the pollutants in an eco-friendly way. It involves plants, microbes, fungus, and different nutrients and gasses. It can detoxify an extensive array of pollutants both the organic and inorganic e.g. heavy metals and different types of pesticides. The use of microbes for this purpose is the most common practice as these are ecofriendly and can be used anywhere i.e. in-situ and ex-situ. The pesticides and the heavy metals are predictable. Regardless of their harmful effects, their use is increasing. there are many techniques to cope with their harmful effects but there is another issue regarding the side effects of these techniques. However, bioremediation is a sustainable way to get rid of pollutants from the contaminated sites as it leaves detoxified products on the sites. In this review, we have discussed different types of pollutants, their sources, effects and remediation through a sustainable way with mechanisms, advantages along with the drawbacks with future needs of research.